Infection & Immunity

A cross-sectional study of lactating cows from selected Tanzanian districts reported a high mastitis prevalence, frequent bacterial contamination of mastitis milk samples, and substantial antimicrobial resistance among isolates.

In a source-controlled murine abdominal-sepsis model, intervention at 6 hours improved 14-day survival while pulmonary inflammation and airway mucosal immune alterations persisted at day 14. [pmid:42329526]

A retrospective study of 25 critically ill children receiving CytoSorb hemoadsorption with continuous renal replacement therapy found that IL-6 reduction was associated with baseline cytokine concentration, while blood-purified-per-kilogram exposure was not independently predictive.

A prospective invasive physiology study found heterogeneous coronary microvascular dysfunction in adults with sepsis-associated myocardial injury, without an observed association between microvascular indices and troponin release.

A WHO GLASS-Fungi demonstration study shows that standardized reporting of Candida bloodstream infections was feasible across participating laboratories while exposing major capacity and representativeness constraints.

A single-hospital Ghanaian cohort documented frequent severe toxicities during induction treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, including infection-related complications.

An exploratory longitudinal study links persistent, cell-intrinsic natural killer-cell dysfunction during human sepsis with altered metabolic regulation and later secondary infection status.

A preliminary two-center prospective study describes declining NLR, PLR, and SII values through postoperative day 30 among 47 adults with uncomplicated recovery after elective curative colorectal cancer resection.

A 2026 metagenomic study of Bangladesh’s Shitalakshya River found that peak dry-season conditions coincided with poorer water-quality indicators, a reorganized microbial community, and a relative increase in metal-resistance genes.

A 2026 study identified Kocuria rhizophila in wild Salmo munzuricus samples from the Munzur River and reported resistance to penicillin G alongside differing susceptibility to other tested antibiotics.

Research explainer of a proof-of-concept study testing whether paired, single-subject transcriptome analysis can validate a sepsis gene set when cohorts are small.

In a Swedish 2020 ICU cohort, heparin-binding protein was substantially higher in critical COVID-19 than in a small trauma ICU comparison group, but admission HBP and ET-1 did not independently establish prognostic value for the study’s measured outcomes.

A randomized primary-care trial found that rapid multiplex respiratory testing did not change overall same-day antibiotic prescribing or short-term symptom severity among enrolled patients with acute respiratory tract infections.

A Utah retrospective cohort associated higher maximum PM2.5 exposure in the week before elective surgery with higher odds of a composite postoperative-complication outcome.

A mechanistic mouse study and a retrospective ICU analysis illuminate different layers of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury, from mitochondrial stress to an early fluid-balance association.

A large retrospective analysis found that removing SOFA from the SIC score preserved discrimination for near-term overt DIC, while an independent prospective study showed why score trajectories still matter for mortality.

Two preclinical studies link reduced IL-27 signaling to better bacterial control in neonatal mice, with one mapping a CXCL2-CXCR2 mechanism and the newer study testing antibody neutralization.

Two independent retrospective cohorts found lower observed cure rates after oral beta-lactam step-down therapy for acute bacterial prostatitis, but treatment selection and other baseline differences prevent a causal comparison.

Two primary studies examine how multidrug-resistant bacteria are acquired and concentrated in hospitalized neonates, while keeping colonization distinct from clinical infection.

Two current experimental studies connect sepsis-associated kidney injury to distinct oxidative-stress defenses: SLC7A11-linked ferroptosis control and α7nAChR-driven mitochondrial protection.

Recent MRSA and gonorrhea surveillance studies show that resistance estimates depend on organism, specimen stream, patient population, testing pathway, and health-system setting.

Three recent hospital studies found substantial antimicrobial resistance in neonatal bacterial isolates, but their dominant organisms differed with setting and sampling design.

Two recent studies connect sepsis injury to signals more specific than heart rate alone: a macrophage endoplasmic-reticulum stress pathway in experimental models and atrial fibrillation plus cardiac troponin in a human critical-care cohort.

In the RECOVERY trial, the low-cost steroid dexamethasone lowered 28-day mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients who needed oxygen or ventilation.

The HPTN 052 trial showed early antiretroviral therapy sharply reduced HIV transmission to partners, establishing that effective treatment is also prevention.

A landmark ICU study showed that a simple evidence-based checklist for inserting central lines sharply reduced bloodstream infections — a pattern about systems, not new drugs.

In a large study of mandated sepsis care, faster completion of the initial treatment bundle — especially antibiotics — was associated with lower mortality.