Digestion & Nutrition

A UK feasibility trial found that an ICU-initiated package of enhanced physiotherapy and optimised enteral nutrition could be delivered with high retention and protocol fidelity after ICU discharge; it was not designed to establish clinical effectiveness.

In a 407-patient hospitalized heart-failure cohort with atrial fibrillation, severe malnutrition appeared within the oldest, frailest phenotype, which had the highest composite risk of death or heart-failure readmission.

An exploratory cross-sectional study evaluated an internally validated model that associated seven clinical features with current PG-SGA-defined malnutrition risk among 144 peritoneal dialysis participants.

A study of ChatGPT-4o mini found generally high expert-rated response quality for malnutrition questions, while showing weaker source use in simulated clinical scenarios.

A prospective hospital cohort in Kisantu, DR Congo found that acute malnutrition was associated with non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infection among children under five admitted with severe febrile illness, in a setting where malaria co-infection and diagnostic overlap were frequent.

A Swedish external pilot cluster-randomised study found the planned trial procedures for the STAIR OF KNOWLEDGE intervention feasible, while leaving intervention effectiveness untested.

A cross-sectional study of 879 children aged 6–24 months attending one pediatric clinic in Zhengzhou, China, found mild malnutrition in 122 children and reported several associated characteristics. The findings are useful for interpreting clinic-based patterns but do not establish causes, intervention effects, or broader prevalence.

A cross-sectional study in North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, found intestinal helminth infection was associated with stunting, anemia, and diarrhea among school-aged children, alongside sanitation, water, hygiene, and dietary-diversity factors.

A single-center retrospective cohort study found that assessed pretransplant malnutrition-risk components were associated with higher odds of selected posttransplant outcomes among simultaneous pancreas-kidney and solitary pancreas transplant recipients.

A research explainer of a cross-sectional baseline study reporting low severe acute malnutrition treatment coverage among children aged 6–59 months in two Ethiopian woredas.

A 2026 case report describes severe obesity hypoventilation syndrome alongside discussion of obesity-related malnutrition, illustrating why body size alone may not capture nutritional risk.

A Ugandan cross-sectional study included malnutrition among predictors in a model for elevated transcranial Doppler velocity in children with sickle cell anemia. It supports model interpretation, not a causal nutrition claim or a stroke prediction claim.

A retrospective Italian tertiary-center cohort described the prevalence of stunting, underweight, and thinness among internationally adopted children and reported associations with demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors.

A small intestinal-failure study found geriatric-like impairment among younger adults receiving home parenteral nutrition, while prospective Gambian surveillance quantified the steep age-linked burden of fragility hip fractures. Together, the studies distinguish physiologic vulnerability from chronological age without proving a shared cause.

Two intervention studies found that structured nutrition programs improved nutritional measures in older adults with chronic heart failure. The larger randomized trial did not show fewer deaths or heart-failure hospitalizations over six months.

Two recent studies place malnutrition and diet challenges in different psychosocial settings: a specialized adult clinic and households in urban Ethiopia. Their designs do not establish causation, but they show that nutrition outcomes can be entangled with mental health, resources, time, family support, and food environments.

Two recent Chinese ICU cohorts reached different adjusted estimates for early enteral nutrition in sepsis. Together, they show why timing cannot be separated from illness severity, vasopressor exposure, and clinical selection.

Two July studies show why child-nutrition delivery cannot be judged by a food dose alone: treatment duration and household costs matter alongside the beliefs, services, and barriers surrounding families.

Two recent pediatric cohorts show that prolonged central-line or parenteral-nutrition dependence can reflect different underlying risks: extreme prematurity in one population and intestinal anatomy in another.

Two July studies moved childhood malnutrition support closer to families. They found strong access and feasibility signals, but also showed that reach, diagnostic accuracy, and clinical effectiveness are separate questions.

The DASH trial showed a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy lowered blood pressure compared with a typical American diet, without changing salt or weight.

The PREDIMED trial tested whether a Mediterranean dietary pattern, with added olive oil or nuts, reduced major cardiovascular events in people at high heart-disease risk.

A large trial compared feeding critically ill adults through the gut versus the vein and found similar survival — pointing to a research pattern about how, not just whether, to feed.

The PermiT trial found that giving critically ill patients fewer calories (while keeping protein) produced similar survival to full feeding — more is not always better.